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Jan 7 2011 - 3:53pm
Using an ROV (Remotely-Operated Vehicle) equipped with a high-definition video camera, scientists can observe the life that flourishes beneath the Arctic ice. On this expedition, they discovered creatures, like this Narcomedusa jelly, that were previously unknown.
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Jan 6 2011 - 2:45pm
A cnidarian brought up from the Arctic seafloor more than 2000 meters (6562 feet) deep.
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Jan 6 2011 - 11:55am
Close-up of Boreoatlantic armhook squid, Gonatus fabricii. View the “Under Arctic Ice” photo essay.
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Jan 6 2011 - 10:09am
Scientists use a multinet to collect Arctic zooplankton samples from different depth layers in the water column.
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Dec 23 2010 - 2:01pm
“In late November, land-locked polar bears gather along the Hudson Bay to await the formation of Arctic ice so they can return to their seal-hunting grounds for the winter.” -- Nature's Best photographer, Alan Zipp.
See more beautiful ocean photos in our slideshow of winners from the 2010 Nature's...
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Sep 9 2011 - 3:20pm
A 2011 excavation led by the Arctic Studies Center uncovered this fragment of decorated European stoneware called a bellarmine jug. Uncovering this fragment, that was likely manufactured in the 15th and 16th centuries, reveals information about European trade and influence in the Hare Harbor...
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Jan 10 2011 - 12:55pm
Using a drill, a team removes a chunk from the thick Arctic ice. Small samples are taken from where the ice meets liquid seawater. The ice is then melted for analysis.
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Jan 6 2011 - 12:21pm
To document fragile organisms found in the Arctic, scientist Kevin Raskoff builds special aquaria on the ship to photograph of live critters that have been captured.
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Dec 10 2012 - 10:20am
In the icy waters of the Arctic, a deep-water larvacean (aka “sea tadpole” because it looks like a tadpole) drifts through the water in its 'house.' This house is made of protein and creates almost a shell around the larvacean and helps to filter particles out of the water for the larvacean to eat...
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Jan 6 2011 - 10:56am
Ice divers use a quadrat to study the density of creatures living on the underside of Arctic ice floes. A quadrat is a standardized square used to take sample measurements that allow researchers to get an accurate estimate of the number of particular animals living in a larger space.
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Jan 6 2011 - 12:38pm
Many jellyfish in the class Hydrozoa, such as this hydromedusa Aglantha digitale, are transparent and easily overlooked. Learn more about hydrozoan jellies and other jellyfish, and see more pictures of Arctic animals in the “Under Arctic Ice” photo essay.
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Dec 7 2011 - 4:12pm
Scientists know the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) moves slowly in the Arctic's cold water. They also know that parasites attack the shark's eyes. But much about this animal remains a mystery. Marine biologist Greg Skomal says that's because the Greenland shark spends most of the year...
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Apr 3 2013 - 9:04am
Harp seals are protected in the United States by the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Although they are not considered endangered, as sea ice melting earlier and earlier each year, available harp seal breeding grounds are being lost in the North Atlantic and Arctic.
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Jan 4 2011 - 5:17pm
Hidden beneath Arctic ice is a world few have ever seen. Take the icy plunge with a team of ice-loving scientists.
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Jan 6 2011 - 3:36pm
Several species of amphipod like this one, Gammarus wilkitzkii, live permanently within Arctic sea ice. These animals are endemic, meaning they only live here. They acclimate to a wide range of salt levels in the water using a physiological response called osmoregulation.
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Mar 23 2010 - 2:26pm
On average, Arctic sea ice has decreased by four percent per decade since the late 1970s. But at the same time, Antarctic ice has increased by 1 percent. Scientists are investigating why. More about climate change can be found in the climate change section.
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Jan 6 2011 - 12:33pm
Found in the icy waters of the Arctic, Comb Jellies, or ctenophores like this one, of the Aulacoctena genus, are poorly known animals. With extremely fragile bodies, they are difficult to capture intact.
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Oct 16 2012 - 9:53am
Many expeditions in the Arctic reveal new species, such as this jellyfish Bathykorus bouilloni, which, strangely, has only four tentacles! Dr. Kevin Raskoff from California State University, Monterey Bay first captured one in the deep Arctic in 2002 and thought it was rare.
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Jan 6 2011 - 1:28pm
This species of amphipod, Eusirus holmii, was found both at the surface of Arctic waters and as deep as 2000 meters (6562 feet). Researchers have found that while the amphipod inhabits the sea ice, the water column, and the sea floor, it is generally found in deep-basin waters.
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Jan 6 2011 - 2:31pm
Bottom trawl treasures from the shallow Chukchi Seafloor near the Canada Basin: sea stars, brittle stars, clams, some snails and crabs. View the “Under Arctic Ice” photo essay to learn more.
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Jan 6 2011 - 10:11am
To learn more about the creatures living on the Arctic seafloor, scientists use a variety of tools including this box corer.
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Jan 6 2011 - 3:09pm
Arctic cod have a special protein that keeps their blood from freezing in ice-cold Arctic waters.
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Feb 15 2013 - 10:56am
This pair of sea butterflies (Limacina helicina) flutter not far from the ocean's surface in the Arctic. Sea butterflies are a type of sea snail, but instead of dragging themselves around the seafloor with a muscular foot, they flap their adapted feet like butterfly wings! They are very small—...
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Jan 6 2011 - 2:05pm
In many species of copepods, males are rare and short-lived. This male of Scaphocalanus acrocephalus is readily distinguished from the female by features of his antennae and tail. View the “Under Arctic Ice” photo essay to learn more.
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